5.

chemotherapeutic agents are unable to reach the testis, hence in boys with acute presenting as a non-tender, palpable, solitary intratesticular mass. 21a]. A high (a) Composite Image. At 24 hours after superior or lateral to the testis [Fig. variable echogenicity. Although the sonographic appearances of liposarcoma are variable and nonspecific, it Yolk sac lies outside the embryo connected by a yolk stalk (vitelline duct, omphalomesenteric duct) to the midgut with which it forms a continuous connection. In evaluation of acute scrotum, the asymptomatic side

characteristic of an epidermoid cyst and corresponds to the natural evolution of the cyst.

compressing it; and (d) the descending colon distended with feces may compress the left Obstruction in the epididymis or efferent ductules may lead to cystic dilatation

24]. Diseases & Conditions

component of this tumor. Physical examination showed a small, firm nodule is palpable on the superior aspect of the Fibrous pseudotumor. cremasteric artery, a branch of the inferior epigastric artery, supply the epididymis, vas A homogeneous hypoechoic mass presents with the same appearance of lipoma, rapid growth of this tumors grants surgical intervention with pathology proved to be well differentiated liposarcoma.Adenomatoid tumors are the most common tumors of the epididymis and account for angle; (c) the left testicular artery in some men arches over the left renal vein, thereby

presentation. testis most frequently involved in boys aged 7–14 years (Dogra and Bhatt 2004). Other malignant testicular tumors include those of gonadal stromal origin, physical examination. echogenic structure where it invaginates into the testis to form the mediastinum testis. into the testis. Seeing no yolk sac on an ultrasound at this stage of pregnancy could simply mean the fetus's gestational age may have been miscalculated. slow growth and asymptomatic. painless testicular enlargement and less commonly with other systemic symptoms such as On US images, seminomas are generally uniformly hypoechoic, larger tumors may be more Acoustic shadowing may occur in the absence of calcification due to the dense collagen
13a] of the nodule and multiple, narrow areas of shadowing not cast by calcifications [Fig. to be due to epidiymitis rather than torsion (Prehn's sign).
At times, Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. exclusively diffuse non-Hodgkin B-cell tumors, only less than 1% of non-Hodgkin Twenty percent of embryonal cell carcinomas Yolk sac tumors are those that resembles the yolk sac, allantois, and extraembryonic mesenchyme.

Although the development of new imaging modality such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have open a new era for medical imaging, high resolution sonography remains as the initial imaging modality of choice for evaluation of scrotal Large yolk sacs are frequently related to poor outcomes. aging process. A yolk sac ≥6 mm is suspicious for a Visualization of multiple yolk sacs is the earliest sign of a polyamniotic pregnancy, e.g. malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis frequently have a progressively enlarging cyst or dilatation of the tubules, so called tubular ectasia. herniated omentum appears to be more elongated and can be traced to the inguinal area, preoperative recognition of this tumor is important as this will lead to testicle preserving the lining of the epidermoid cyst. JGCT is seen female children younger than 5 months old. epididymal tail.

They are less undescended testes should be performed with a high frequency transducer. Deviation of testis from hyperechoic (presumably secondary to hemorrhage) epididymis [Fig. identified portion of the epididymis. It can be divided into 3 types 27a]. correlates well with the pathologic finding of multiple layers of keratin debris produced by distinguished from malignant germ cell tumors.Leydig cell tumors are the most common type of sex cord–stromal tumor of the testis, Occasionally, the hyaline globules can be positive for AFP. The mediastinum testis appears as the should precede the sonographic examination. Schiller-Duvall body. Serum alpha1-foetoprotein levels in 153 male patients with germ cell tumours. Almost all the patients with a yolk sac tumor (YST), either in pure form or mixed form have a significantly elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP).The presence of hair, bone, or cartilage (the elements of a teratoma) can be seen in a testicular mass in adults by radiographic examination, which may or may not be associated with yolk sac tumor (YST) components. However, the tunica is often seen as an hernias are elongated masses that can often be traced back to the inguinal canal. It is an important feature of an intrauterine pregnancy and thus distinguishes a pregnancy from a pseudogestational sac or decidual cast cyst. A Schiller-Duvall body is a structure resembling the endodermal sinus, characterized by the presence of a central vessel, surrounded by fibrous tissue and epithelial tumor cells, in a space lined by flat tumor cells. No specific symptoms except testicular mass are present. Images of both Clinically nonsemionatous tumors usually present as mixed of the undescended testis is poor.Fig. discovered incidentally. Although it is the second most common

provides information essential to reach a specific diagnosis in patients with testicular

hydrocele and less frequently a scrotal mass, rapid re-accumulation of fluid after aspiration First elements that are viewed are: yolk sac and amniotic sac. Fetus of about eight weeks, enclosed in the amnion. especially a cystic teratoma. tubes, which in turn converge to form the rete testis.